According to their properties, rat poison can be divided into 6 categories: anticoagulant rat poison, inorganic phosphorus rat poison, organophosphorus rat poison Rat poison, organic fluorine rat poison, cyanide melt rat poison, and other rat poisons. Now that there are 6 types of rat poison, the symptoms are slightly different.

1. Warfarin poisoning (dicoumarin) poisoning: such as rodenticide, rat enemy.

Symptoms: Anticoagulant rodenticides, the most common, cause chronic poisoning. Bleeding is the biggest feature, but there is usually an incubation period of 2 to 5 days before the symptoms appear, mainly manifested as extreme depression, increased body temperature, loss of appetite, anemia, weakness, internal and external bleeding, and external bleeding manifested as epistaxis, hematemesis, and hematuria. , bloody stools or black stools. When internal bleeding occurs in the thoracic and abdominal cavity, dyspnea occurs; when it occurs in the brain and spine, neurological symptoms occur; when it occurs in joints, lameness occurs, and intra-articular hemorrhage, subcutaneous and submucosal hemorrhage can also be seen. Subcutaneous hemorrhage can cause dermatitis and skin Necrosis, in severe cases, bleeding from natural orifices such as nostrils and rectum, the poisoning amount is large, and typical bleeding symptoms and death may occur in the stomach. Chronic poisoning can manifest as anemia, edema, heart failure, spasticity and paralysis at the end stage. Jaundice may develop over a long period of time.

Treatment: induce emesis in the early stage, supplement blood for acute poisoning, and supplement vitamin K; for subacute poisoning, subcutaneously inject vitamin K until the coagulation time is normal, then change to oral vitamin K1, 15-30 mg, 2 times a day , for 4 to 6 consecutive days. In severe cases, 10-20ml/kg of fresh whole blood should be transfused, the first half should be fast, and the second half should be 20 drops/min. Warfarin and rat poisoning sometimes take a month, and barbiturate sedation or mild anesthesia adjuvant therapy is used. Note: To be on the safe side, as long as this type of poisoning is suspected, vitamin K1 should be taken orally immediately.

2. Pesticide poisoning by organophosphorus compounds: such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, dichlorvos, trithion, malathion, etc.

Symptoms: Excited and restless at first, muscle spasms, tremors in mild cases, convulsions in severe cases, when the limbs are muscle clonus, the sick dog steps frequently, and when it is lying down, it swims. Pupils narrow and become linear in severe cases. Profuse salivation, tearing, abdominal pain, high bowel sounds, constant diarrhea, and even defecation incontinence. In the later stage of severe disease, bowel sounds weaken or even disappear. The whole body is dripping with sweat, especially around the chest, perineum and scrotum. Body temperature increased, breathing was obviously difficult, rapid heartbeat, weak pulse, conjunctiva cyanosis, and finally died of suffocation. When the amount of poisoning is relatively light, the blood may be pulled after 12 to 24 hours.

Treatment: Slow intravenous injection of atropine sulfate at 0.05 mg/kg body weight. After a 6-hour interval, atropine sulfate was administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. When the dog has dry mouth, mydriasis, steady breathing, and rapid heartbeat, the drug can be stopped. For severe cases, it is best to use atropine in combination with iodine and phosphine. Phosphatidium iodide (Pam) and phosphine chloride (chlorophosphine) are cholinesterase revitalizers, but they have poor efficacy on the above-mentioned pesticide poisoning and must be used together with atropine. The dose of iodophosphazene is 20 mg/kg body weight each time, intravenously, and repeated once every 12 hours if necessary. The dosage of phosphorus chloride is 20 mg/kg body weight each time. Bifosfate passes through the blood-brain barrier and acts like atropine. The dosage is 15-30 mg/kg body weight each time. However, individual dogs are allergic to iodine and phosphine and should be noted. In addition, diphenhydramine can also be used, 1 to 4 mg/kg, orally, 3 times a day, mainly for cases of muscle spasm and tremor.

3. Organic Fluoride Poisoning

Symptoms: Dogs drink water contaminated with organic fluorine compounds, or eat rats poisoned by fluoroacetamide, which can cause central nervous system excitement. Restlessness, vomiting, dyspnea, arrhythmia, increased frequency of defecation, frantic running and screaming, muscle paroxysmal or tonic spasms, foaming at the mouth, and finally coma and wheezing, and death due to respiratory depression and heart failure during convulsions.

Treatment: Acetamide can prolong the incubation period of poisoning and reduce the symptoms. The dosage is 0.1 mg/kg body weight each time. The first dose is half of the daily dose, and the remaining half is divided into 4 parts, which are injected every 2 hours. Be sure to take the medicine early and the dose must be sufficient. If used in combination with chlorpromazine and barbiturates, it can reduce the excitability of the central nervous system. It can be combined with vomiting and gastric lavage to let sick dogs eat raw egg whites to protect the mucous membranes of the digestive tract. Intravenous calcium gluconate 5 to 10 ml is also beneficial.

4. Poisoning of antirodent drugs

Symptoms: Accidental ingestion of this white, odorless crystalline powder will increase the permeability of pulmonary capillaries and cause a large amount of plasma to enter Lung tissue, resulting in pulmonary edema. The sick dog vomited and foamed at the mouth, followed by diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, depression, cyanosis of mucous membranes, and foamy blood-colored mucus from the nostrils. Due to breathing difficulties dogs mostly adopt a sitting position, weak pulse rate, low temperature, and may die of hypoxia after 12 hours. This medicine has no specific antidote, and can be used to induce vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis, fluid replacement, and diuresis.

5. Poisoning of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, such as dididitil, hexahexahexanol, TDE, chlorsulfan and other pesticides

Symptoms: extreme excitement, manic restlessness, head and neck The head first trembled, and then spread to the whole body, salivation, no or little food, diarrhea. In severe cases, the mucous membranes are red, restless, paroxysmal body spasms occur from time to time, and there is white foam at the corners of the mouth. The auditory and tactile symptoms are allergic. If the poison is taken orally, it may cause vomiting and increase in body temperature.

Treatment: Purges and gastric lavage followed by a salt laxative catharsis. Symptomatic treatment of hyperexcitability in dogs is given with sedatives. Because the dog is dehydrated and does not eat, intravenous fluids should be given. Those who are poisoned by the skin should wash the local area with a lot of warm soapy water, and those who are poisoned by the mouth should be given activated carbon and artificial salt. Do not induce vomiting! It will cause muscle cramps. To control hyperexcitability, diazepam and pentobarbital are commonly used, but if there is no convulsions, pentobarbital cannot be used, only diazepam can be used.

6. Zinc phosphide rodenticide poisoning, commonly used rodenticide in gray powder form

Symptoms: symptoms usually appear within 15 minutes to 4 hours, causing abdominal pain, lack of food , Vomiting, coma, drowsiness, suffocation, diarrhea, blood in the stool. The vomit contains black blood, phosphorescence is visible in the dark, and there is an odor of acetylene. Movement disorders, barking, elevated body temperature and acidosis, and finally limb struggles, hyperesthesia, muscle spasms, and death due to lack of oxygen.

Treatment: 10-30 ml of 0.2%-0.5% copper sulfate solution can be administered to induce vomiting. Gastric lavage can be used 0.02% potassium permanganate solution, and then 15 grams of sodium sulfate catharsis. Intravenous injection of hypertonic glucose solution for liver protection. In the early stage, gastric lavage with 5% sodium bicarbonate can also be applied, and oral 5% sodium bicarbonate can increase gastric pH and prevent the release of zinc phosphide. Fasting for 24 hours reduces gastric acid secretion.

7. Carbamate poisoning, such as fendicarb, metoclopramide, carbamoyl, carbofuran, coxacarb, cycloxacarb, etc.

Symptoms: similar Organophosphorus poisoning, but its duration is shorter

Treatment: basically the same as organophosphorus treatment, atropine sulfate should be injected as soon as possible, and the drug can be repeated if necessary

Eight. Arsenic) poisoning

Symptoms: severe abdominal pain, muscle tremors, salivation, vomiting, staggering gait, diarrhea, thirst, hind limb paralysis, swelling of oral mucosa, dark gums, and in severe cases, ulceration of oral mucosa, fall off. Individual dogs were in a state of excitement, convulsions, sweating, cold body ends, and muscle paralysis in some parts. Prolapse of the penis may be seen in male dogs.

Treatment: 1 to 2 ml of 10% dithiopropanol is commonly used, intramuscularly injected once every 1 to 2 hours, and used 3 to 4 times in a row. 50 to 80 ml of 5% sodium thiosulfate solution can also be injected intravenously.

Nine, food poisoning

Symptoms: bacteria in spoiled food, such as Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Clostridium botulinum, etc., cause severe vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and acute gastric Enteritis symptoms. Sick dogs are depressed, heart failure, normal or slightly hypothermic. Severe poisoning can cause convulsions, restlessness, difficulty breathing and severe convulsions.

Treatment: eating spoiled fish meat poisoning, the incubation period is not more than 2 hours, the dog suddenly vomits, diarrhea, dyspnea, mucus, mydriasis, ataxia, Possible coma, hindquarters paralysis, weakness, hematuria, black stool, intravenous or subcutaneous injection of glucose, vitamin C, oral diphenhydramine, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of penicillin. Staphylococcus poisoning, the initial intravenous injection of emetic apomorphine, the dosage is 0.04 mg/kg body weight. Gastric lavage, fluid replacement and symptomatic treatment were performed if necessary. At the same time starvation therapy, stop feeding. For poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin, antitoxin serum should be injected intravenously or intramuscularly, gastric lavage with 0.01% potassium permanganate solution, laxative or enema, intravenous infusion, and intramuscular injection of penicillin.

10. Phenol poisoning, widely used in public health disinfection, common are carbolic acid, lysole, guaiacol, xylene

Symptoms: damage to the nervous system, exposure to The skin is red and oozing. Causes sluggishness, vomiting, tonic spasms, and paralysis.

Treatment: In case of poisoning due to skin contact with phenol preparations, wash the local skin with water, then rinse with 10% ethanol, and then wrap the affected area with oil-impregnated dressings. Those who are poisoned by mistakenly ingesting phenol preparations can be given gastric lavage, oral milk, egg green or activated carbon, intravenous diuretics, and intramuscular injection of isoproterenol.

11. Strychnine poisoning, usually dyed red, purple, green when used as a rodenticide

Symptoms: appear within 10 minutes to 1 hour after ingestion , the earliest for fear, hyperesthesia, muscle stiffness, abdominal, neck muscle stiffness. When the most obvious photophobia, sound, touch and other stimuli exist, there may be a strong epileptic seizure, similar to tetanus, the body surface is not traumatized, and the degree of spasm of high fives is aggravated.

Treatment: In the absence of cramps and hyperesthesia, induce vomiting, gastric lavage, use of sedatives, tracheal intubation for oxygen, and artificial respiration if necessary.

12. Cholecalciferol poisoning, granular poison bait

Symptoms: symptoms within 24 hours after ingestion, vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, hypercalcemia.

Measures: induce vomiting as soon as possible after ingestion, and administer 1g/ml of activated carbon, then apply sodium sulfate to treat hypercalcemia, and continuously detect blood at 24, 48, and 96 hours after ingesting the poison. calcium. For one week after poisoning, avoid direct sunlight and feed low calcium dog food.

Thirteen, arsenic nifedicarb poisoning, trade name rodentine, powder

Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle tremors, general weakness, followed by diabetes and blindness, 12 to 24 hours in coma, respiratory and cardiac failure.

Measures: early emesis, gastric lavage, intramuscular injection of nicotinamide 500-1000 mg, intramuscular injection of 200-300 mg every 4 hours for the next 48 hours, oral nicotinamide three times a day for 2 weeks, 200 mg mg. Urine tests should be performed frequently after survival to detect diabetes as early as possible.