When I often walk in the wild, especially when I am walking in the grass, I am suddenly bitten by something, and I will immediately think whether it is a poisonous snake. Bite? So how to identify whether it is bitten by a venomous snake? Consider and solve the following problems when identifying a snake venomous bite:

(1) Whether it is a snake bite: other animals can also Causes injuries, such as centipede bites, wasp stings, scorpion stings, but these wounds do not have typical snakebite tooth marks locally, and leave their own Features: For example, after a centipede bite, there are two dotted tooth marks arranged in a row, and after a wasp or scorpion sting, there are single scattered wounds. Under normal circumstances, after centipedes are injured, the wounds are small and there are no obvious systemic symptoms.

(2) Whether it is a venomous snake bite: It is mainly distinguished by special tooth marks, local injuries and systemic manifestations. After being bitten by a venomous snake, there are often a pair or 3 to 4 traces of fangs left in the wound. And there is obvious swelling and pain or numbness around the wound, local ecchymosis, blisters or blood blisters, and systemic symptoms are also more obvious. After being bitten by a non-venomous snake, two rows of serrated tooth marks can be left locally.

(3) What kind of venomous snakebite is it? It is difficult to accurately determine which venomous snakebite caused the injury. From the characteristics of local wounds, it is possible to preliminarily distinguish nerve venomous snakebites from blood venomous snakebites Come. According to the unique clinical manifestations and reference tooth spacing and tooth scar morphology, the species of venomous snakes can be further judged. Such as cobra bites, the pupil often narrows; hematuria may occur within half an hour after the viper bite, and diplopia may occur after the viper bite.

Treatment of poisonous snake bites

In the event of a poisonous snake bite, the most important thing is to rescue yourself or each other on the spot, the sooner the better. The principle is to detoxify quickly and prevent the absorption and spread of venom. The second is to send the wounded to qualified medical institutions as soon as possible, and continue to take comprehensive measures, such as thorough debridement, oral and external application of effective snake tablets, application of anti-venom and systemic supportive therapy.

(1) Preventing the absorption of venom: After being bitten, snake venom quickly enters the body within 3-5 minutes, and effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent the absorption of venom.

1. Ligation: It is a simple and effective method, and it is also a method of self-rescue and mutual rescue that is easy to do on site. Immediately after being bitten by a poisonous snake, use a cloth strip, hand towel or bandage to ligate 5-10 cm proximal to the injured limb or at the root of the injured finger (toe) to reduce the backflow of veins and lymph, so as to achieve The purpose of temporarily preventing the absorption of snake venom. On the way to the hospital, you should relax every 15-20 minutes, 1-2 minutes each time, to prevent blood stasis and tissue necrosis in the injured limb. The ligature can only be removed after the wound has been thoroughly debridement and taken snake pills for 3-4 hours.

2. Rinse: After ligation, rinse the wound with clean water quickly to clean the residual venom on the skin surface around the wound and prevent it from continuing to absorb. If there is no clean water source on site, fresh urine and saliva can also be used instead.

3. Ice compress: when conditions permit, apply ice cubes to the injured limb while ligating to constrict blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and slow down the absorption of snake venom. You can also immerse the injured limb or finger in cold water, and then use an ice pack after 3-4 hours for cold compresses for 24-36 hours.

4. Immobilization of the injured limb: After the injury, the patient should keep quiet, walk slowly, and not run to reduce the absorption of toxins. Medical institutions.

(2) Promoting the discharge and destruction of snake venom: Measures should be taken to promote the discharge or destruction of snake venom remaining in the wound. The easiest way is to suck with your mouth, rinse your mouth with water after each suck, and there should be no ulceration in the oral mucosa and lips of the sucker. Breast pumping equipment, cupping and other methods can also be used to suck out the snake venom in the wound, and the effect is satisfactory. At the same time of suction, it can also be supplemented by extrusion, that is, external pressure is used to promote the discharge of venom. Attention should be paid to the direction of extrusion. It should be extruded from the proximal end to the distal end, that is, along the direction of the arterial blood, and not in the opposite direction.

Deep wounds with contamination should be thoroughly debridement. After the knife is sterilized (a sharp knife can be burned with fire for disinfection in the wild), the wound is cut in a + or ++ shape with the tooth mark as the center, so that the remaining snake venom can easily flow out, but the incision should not be too deep to avoid Injury to blood vessels. When the bite site is on the hand or foot, you can also use a three-edged needle or the tip of a knife at Baxie or Bafeng acupoint, pierce one centimeter under the skin at the proximal side, and massage gently from near to far to accelerate the discharge of snake venom. . After the wound is enlarged, various drugs can also be used for local wet compress or flushing to achieve the purpose of destroying or neutralizing snake venom. Commonly used topical medicines are 30% saline or alum water, and the topical medicines used for wound irrigation include 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution and 5%-10% saline.

Local injection of trypsin has a certain effect. It can decompose and destroy snake venom, thereby reducing or inhibiting the symptoms of the patient's poisoning. Injections are given around and can be repeated 12-24 hours later. Injecting furosemide, sodium diureate or mannitol, etc., can accelerate the excretion of snake venom from the urine.

(3) Inhibiting the effect of snake venom: mainly oral and external application of effective Chinese herbal medicine and snake pills can achieve detoxification, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, cardiac and diuretic effects. A venomous snake bite is better.