Anemia means that the number of fibroblasts per unit volume of blood, hemoglobin content and hematocrit volume (specific volume) are below normal values. The clinical manifestations are characterized by mucous membranes, rapid rate and respiration, and general weakness. Anemia can be divided into hemorrhagic anemia, hemolytic anemia, nutritional anemia and aplastic anemia.

[Cause] Acute hemorrhagic anemia, due to trauma or Surgery causes internal organs (such as liver, spleen, caval artery and vena cava, etc.) and blood vessels in vitro to rupture and cause massive hemorrhage, which suddenly reduces the body's hemolysis.

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia, mainly due to chronic hemorrhagic inflammation of the stomach, intestine, lung, kidney, bladder, and uterus.

【Symptoms】 Common Symptoms include visible mucous membranes, pale skin, rapid heartbeat, and generalized muscle weakness. Symptoms are proportional to the amount of bleeding. Excessive bleeding can manifest as collapse, restlessness, decreased blood pressure, cold limbs, ears and nose, unsteady gait, muscle tremors, and drowsiness, lethargy, and shock in the later stage. In dogs with low bleeding and chronic bleeding, the initial symptoms are not obvious. However, the sick dog can be seen gradually losing weight, the visible mucous membrane gradually develops from light red to white, lack of energy, general weakness, lethargy, lack of activity, fast and weak pulse, and superficial breathing. Slight edema of the mandible and limbs is often seen. Severe cases can lead to shock, heart failure and death.

【Diagnosis】 According to clinical symptoms, red blood cell count and hematocrit examination can confirm the diagnosis.

【Treatment】 Stop bleeding and restore hemolysis.

①For traumatic bleeding, ligation, compression, and tourniquet can be used to stop bleeding. For the bleeding at the end of the extremities, the owner can use a tourniquet to stop the bleeding and immediately send it to the veterinary hospital for treatment.

② Injection of hemostatic drugs: hemostatic 25 mg/kg body weight; vitamin K 30.4 mg/kg body weight; vitamin K 11 mg/kg body weight; coagulation 1.5 mg/kg body weight.

③ To supplement the blood volume, dextran, glucose, compound saline and amino acid preparations can be intravenously infused. Conditional veterinary hospitals should conduct blood transfusion therapy.

Anemia caused by massive destruction of red blood cells due to various reasons is called hemolytic anemia.

【Etiology】

① Caused by infectious disease factors. Such as leptospirosis, herpes pathogens, trypanosomiasis, hemolytic streptococcus infection and so on.

②Toxic disease. Heavy metal poisoning such as: lead, copper, arsenic, mercury, etc.; chemical poisoning: benzene, element, phenol, sulfonamide, etc. Hemolytic anemia can also be caused by inhalation of TNT explosives by police dogs on duty.

③Antigen-antibody reaction. Hemolytic anemia of newborn dogs, due to the difference between the blood type of newborns and the blood types of mother dogs, antigen-antibody reaction occurs after eating breast milk, resulting in hemolytic anemia of young dogs. Hemolysis can also be caused by transfusions of different blood types.

Other factors, such as febrile diseases, lymphosarcoma, myeloid leukemia, plasma hemoglobinemia, and erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency, can cause hemolytic anemia.

[Symptoms] The main symptoms are yellowing of the visible mucous membranes, yellowing of the skin and corners of the mouth, depression, exercise weakness, weight loss, and later visible mucous membranes, lethargy, hemoglobin Urine, body decreased.

【Treatment】 Expand the amount of hemolysis, remove the cause, and treat symptomatically.

Rehydration, blood transfusion therapy. Toxic disease, give antidote; parasitic infection, give insecticide treatment. At the same time combined with hormone therapy, such as cortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone.