Canine distemper, commonly known as Canine distemper, is a serious canine disease that mainly affects puppies. The causative agent is canine distemper virus. The sick dogs are characterized by bipolar fever, rhinitis, severe digestive tract disorders and respiratory tract inflammation. Encephalitis can occur in a small number of cases. Dog breeds suitable for living in cold regions, such as sled dogs, have a higher mortality rate from this disease. Various secretions, excretions (nasal juice, saliva, tears, pericardial fluid, pleural effusion, ascites and urine) of sick dogs, as well as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, spinal cord and other organs contain a large number of viruses, and can Detoxification to the outside world with respiratory secretions and urine. Healthy dogs are infected by respiratory or digestive tract through direct contact with sick dogs or through contaminated air or food. In addition to the most susceptible puppies, foxes and minks in fur animals are also very susceptible to canine distemper.

The incubation period of canine distemper is generally 3-6 days, but if the source of infection is xenogeneic animals, the incubation period may be extended to 1-3 months. In the early stage of the disease, the sick dog is listless, loses appetite, discharges from the eyes and nose, and the body temperature rises twice. After the second rise in body temperature, the condition gradually deteriorated, and symptoms such as vomiting, pneumonia, diarrhea, and hyperkeratinization of the foot pads and nose often appeared. If the dogs are taken to the pet hospital for treatment in the early stage of the disease, the cure rate is relatively high, and it is difficult for dogs to be cured in the middle and later stages.

Nerve clinical symptoms mostly appeared 21 days after infection or a few days after systemic clinical symptoms improved. Puppies with transplacental infection develop clinical neurological symptoms around 5 weeks of age. Different parts of the central nervous system affected by canine distemper virus have different symptoms. Epilepsy, circling, abnormal reflexes, and convulsions are all possible symptoms.

Once the dog is diagnosed with the disease, the owner needs to keep them in isolation and thoroughly disinfect the contaminated environment. Although the cure rate of canine distemper is very low, we can effectively prevent it by vaccinating dogs, so owners must not forget to immunize dogs!

【diagnosis Key Points]

(1) Epidemiological characteristics The disease occurs frequently during the cold season from u to April of the following year, especially in units or areas where dogs are relatively concentrated. Once the disease occurs in the dog group, it is difficult for other puppies to avoid infection unless under absolute isolation conditions. Nursing puppies rarely get sick because they can obtain antibodies from breast milk. Puppies from 3 months to 1 year are usually most susceptible.

(2) The clinical characteristic body temperature is biphasic fever type (that is, the body temperature rises to about 40°C at the beginning of the disease, and then returns to normal after 1 to 2 days, and after 2 to 3 days, the body temperature rises again); When the body temperature rises for the second time (a few cases died at this time), respiratory symptoms appear, the sick dog coughs, sneeze, serous to purulent nasal juice, dry nose; eyelid swelling, purulent conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcers often occur later; Large red spots of rice grains, edema and purulent papules on the skin of the lower abdomen and inner thigh; frequent vomiting; initial constipation, soon diarrhea, foul-smelling stool, sometimes mixed with blood and air bubbles. In a small number of cases, hyperkeratotic lesions of the palms of the feet and the alar skin of the nose can be seen. Some sick dogs have neurological symptoms at the beginning of the disease, and some show neurological symptoms only 7 to 10 days after the disease. In mild cases, local twitching of the lips and eyelids; in severe cases, salivation and empty chewing, or circling, thrusting, or foaming at the mouth, trismus, convulsions on the ground, and epileptic seizures, which last from a few seconds to several minutes, and the frequency of the seizures varies. From several to ten times a day. Most of these dogs have poor prognosis, and some are only partial convulsions or neurological symptoms such as convulsive paralysis of one limb, two limbs and the entire hindquarters, ataxia, etc. Even if such dogs recover, they often have sequelae such as hindquarters weakness. Because the disease is often mixed with canine infectious hepatitis and other diseases and secondary infection of bacteria, the symptoms are complicated. Therefore, only the initial diagnosis can be made based on the above symptoms alone, and the final diagnosis must also take the disease materials (eye conjunctiva, bladder, stomach, lung, trachea and brain, serum) and send it to the testing unit for virus isolation, neutralization test and other specific sex check.

【Prevention and control measures】

(1) Regular vaccination The canine distemper vaccine currently produced in my country is a cell culture attenuated vaccine. In order to improve the immunization effect, the following immunization procedures should be followed. The puppy was immunized for the first time at the age of 6 weeks, the second immunization at the age of 8 weeks, and the third immunization at the age of 10 weeks. In the future, immunization is performed once a year, and the immunization dose for each immunization is 2 ml, which can obtain a certain immune effect. In view of the fact that it takes a certain period of time (7 to 10 days) after vaccination to produce a good immune effect, and the prevalence of canine distemper is relatively common at present, some dogs have been infected with canine distemper virus before immunization, but they do not show clinical symptoms. Under the influence of certain stress factors (changes in living conditions, long-distance transportation, etc.), clinical symptoms can still be stimulated and the disease will occur. This is one of the important reasons why some dogs still develop canine distemper and other diseases after immunization. one. In order to improve the immunization effect and reduce the infection rate, when purchasing puppy dogs, it is best to inoculate the puppy with 4-5 ml of high-immunity serum of the dog penta, and then inject it once a week, and then inoculate the dog five times according to the above immunization procedure after 2 weeks. Combined vaccine, which is both safe and reliable, and can reduce the incidence of disease.

(2) Strengthen veterinary hygiene and epidemic prevention measures. All farms should try their best to reproduce and support themselves. During the epidemic season of this disease, it is strictly forbidden to bring dogs outside the venue into the venue.

(3) Timely isolation and treatment. Timely detection of sick dogs, early isolation and treatment, and prevention of secondary infection are the keys to improving the cure rate and reducing the mortality rate. In the early stage of the disease, anti-canine distemper hyperimmune serum (or canine five-linked hyperimmune serum) or the recovered dog serum (or whole blood) can be injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The dosage of serum should be determined according to the condition and the size of the dog. Usually, 5-10 ml/time is used for 3-5 days, and a certain curative effect can be obtained. It is reported that the treatment effect can be improved with the application of anti-duling freeze-dried powder injection at the same time as the treatment with hyperimmune serum. Dissolve, intravenous infusion for medium dogs, 2 to 4 bottles, and for dogs with younger months, the dosage can be reduced. According to recent data reports, the application of Canubingkang injection in the early stage of the disease has good curative effect, especially when it is used together with hyperimmune serum, its curative effect is better than that of single use. The usage and dosage of Canubingkang is 0.1-0.3 ml/kg body weight, intramuscular injection, sub-2 times/day, and the dose can be increased as appropriate in severe cases. In addition, the early application of antibiotics (such as penicillin, streptomycin, etc.) and symptomatic treatment are of great significance for preventing secondary bacterial infection and recovering sick dogs.

(4) Strengthening disinfection The kennels and sports grounds should be thoroughly disinfected with various disinfectants, such as Baidu, 1210, Weidao brand disinfectant, and sodium hypochlorite.