The lifespan of black-lined hamsters is generally 2 to 2.5 years, and black-lined hamsters have no hibernation. Sexual maturity generally occurs at 8 weeks of age, and the most suitable age for reproduction is 12 weeks of age. The estrus cycle is 3 to 7 days (average 4.5 days).

The estrus cycle of black-lined hamsters can be divided into pre-estrus, Estrus, post-estrus and rest periods.

1. The pre-estrus period lasts for about half a day. The vulva mucosa is pink or red, moist and loose, and easy to pull out. During this period, the male and female mice are willing to approach, and the female mice often turn around the male mice.

2. During the estrus period, the vulva is further congested, dark red, and the clitoris is dark red or purple. During this period, the female mice have frequent activity and often lift their tails, making it easy to mate. The estrus period of female mice generally occurs at dusk. If the light is artificially controlled, estrus can be achieved 2 to 3 hours after it becomes dark.

3. In the late stage of estrus, the congestion and swelling of the vulva and clitoris of female mice disappeared quickly, the female mice no longer raised their tails, and the females and males often had bites.

4. The vaginal opening is slightly open or closed during the interval, the vulva becomes dry and pale, and the female rat becomes very aggressive during this period. Mating from dusk to 10 p.m. has a high pregnancy rate.