Anomalies and complications of cat infusion treatment, common diseases in cats! In the treatment of various diseases of cats, infusion is the most used treatment. Infusion treatment is simple and effective. However, if it is used indiscriminately, it will also cause quite serious consequences. We humans will do a skin test reaction to antibiotics before infusion, so for pets, this step is exempted, and we need more in the infusion process. Close observation to prevent abnormal reactions and complications.

1. Common reasons

1. Drug reactions

Common drug reactions are mainly antibiotics, sulfonamides, traditional Chinese medicine preparations, dextran, etc. The reasons are that the drugs are impure, deteriorated or the body is allergic to drugs caused.

2. Impurities

More tiny particles enter the solution, such as those in the environment. Insoluble sediments such as dust, rubber shavings on the cork, glass shavings, drug crystals, etc., will cause pyrogenic reactions.

3. Other reasons

The temperature of the input liquid is too low, and the concentration of the drug is too high , infusion speed, etc. can cause abnormal infusion reaction.

Second, Complications

1. Diluted acid Poisoning      

In addition to the pH of 5% NaHCO3 solution of 8.6, the pH of other infusion preparations were all lower than 7. The average pH of the extracellular fluid is 7.4, so the input of this fluid will reduce the pH of the extracellular fluid, which is not conducive to the removal of H ions in the cells, which can cause acidosis. According to reports, every 1000 ml of blood transfusion should be supplemented with 40-60 ml of 5% NaHCO3 solution in order to prevent the pH drop.   

2. Dilutional hypoalbuminemia     

Colloid osmotic pressure of 5.44mmHg per gram of albumin and 1.43mmHg colloid osmotic pressure per gram of globulin. If a large amount of crystalloid is infused, the plasma protein is diluted and the plasma osmotic pressure is significantly reduced, not only the blood volume cannot be maintained, but also pulmonary edema. According to reports, when a large amount of crystalloid is infused, it is advisable to ensure that the plasma protein is 55-60g/L, or that the crystalloid and the plasma-substituting preparation should be infused at a ratio of 3:1.   

3. Dilutional hypokalemia   

When a large amount of potassium-free fluid is infused, the dilution of plasma potassium will be reduced, and if accompanied by an increase in urination (every 1 L of rapid urination, the average potassium loss in the extracellular fluid is 20 mmol), hypokalemia will soon be caused, which is harmful to the patient. Caution should be exercised in patients with hypokalemia. To avoid this, add 4 mmol of potassium per liter of potassium-free infusion solution.

Three, preventive measures

1. Active treatment of Onset

The fluid disorders are mostly secondary manifestations of other diseases. The primary disease should be diagnosed as soon as possible, and relevant therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics should be appropriately added to the fluid. , antiviral drugs, vitamins and cardiotonic agents, etc., and drugs with incompatibilities should be avoided.

2. Replenish energy in the infusion

Supply 7 calories/kg body weight per day ( energy), which can prevent the catabolism of the body's protein; daily supply of 25 calories/kg body weight can prevent the catabolism of the body's protein and fat. 5% glucose provides 0.2 calories per milliliter. A large amount of glucose solution should be properly supplemented with vitamin b1 to promote glucose metabolism; at the same time, pay attention to supplementing kcl to prevent hypokalemia.

3. Infusion speed

In principle, the slower the infusion speed, the better. However, in cases of hypovolemic shock or severe dehydration, isothermal fluids should be given rapidly. The heart function should be auscultated during infusion, and it is best to add cardiac inotropes such as sodium caffeine. If the infusion contains ca and k ions, the infusion rate should be limited.