PetsDogs are prone to fractures, such as falling, crushing by heavy objects, muscle traction, being hit, running, twisting and flashing when jumping, etc. Fractures in dogs.

Elbow dislocation

⑴The causes of elbow dislocation are congenital and acquired Both sexes. Congenital accounts for 17% to 20%. Most common in small breeds dogs, such as Pekingese, English Cattle Dogs, English Sheepdogs, etc. Congenital elbow dislocations may be genetically related, such as a high bilateral incidence; multiple incidences in a litter of puppies; and multiple soft tissue and skeletal abnormalities in some puppies. Acquired elbow dislocation is mostly caused by trauma.

(2) Symptoms Congenital elbow dislocation in dogs is mostly 3 to 6 months old, with one or both forelimbs onset. Elbow flexed, unable to extend, walking limp. The elbow process is abducted and rotated forward and upward at 45~90o. In traumatic elbow dislocation, sudden lameness and local soft tissue damage. Often obvious external dislocation, radial and ulna outward displacement, forearm or front paw internal rotation or adduction. The joint is flexed, the pain is obvious, and the joint cannot be extended or flexed. Due to flexion of the joints, when the animal stands, the fingers do not touch the ground.

⑶ Diagnosis is easy to diagnose according to clinical symptoms and palpation, and X-ray examination can see no fracture and ligament rupture.

⑷Treatment

①Congenital dislocation of the elbow can be treated with closed reduction and fixation. After restoration, use a steel needle to enter the distal end of the humerus from the cubital process or across the humeral condyle and cubital process for fixation, and external fixation can be successful; puppies from 1 to 16 weeks old can be fixed with open restoration. . Surgical methods include lateral capsuloplasty, lateral ligamentotomy, trochlear and trochlear notch reconstruction. However, when the dog can support its body weight or can walk, surgery is not suitable. After surgery, it is recommended to use a herringbone splint bandage for immobilization.

②There are two types of traumatic elbow dislocation: closed and open restoration and fixation. During closed reduction, the elbow joint is flexed for 100~110o, the right thumb presses the olecranon inward to make it stuck on the medial surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (olecranon fossa), and then the left thumb pushes the radial head inward to slide it through The capitulum of the humerus is reduced. If it is difficult to reduce the radial head by pressing inward, the joint can be slightly stretched so that the olecranon is stuck in the olecranon fossa, and this is used as a fixed fulcrum, and then the forearm bone is rotated and adducted inward to make the radial head slide inward and reset. . After restoration, a herringbone-shaped bandage was used for 2 weeks and the joint movement was restricted for 6 weeks to reduce joint flexion. In open reduction, the lateral surgical access of the elbow joint is usually selected, and the joint capsule is incised to expose the joint. Restoration according to the closed restoration method. If it cannot be reset, a blunt instrument (such as blunt scissors will not be opened) can be used to insert between the medial side of the radial head and the lateral condyle of the rib. If the lateral ligament is ruptured, the ligament can be sutured or fixed with screws to the lateral condyle of the humerus and the radial head.

Postoperative care

(1) Regardless of external fixation or internal fixation, the dog should be restricted from exercise within 2 weeks after surgery. free time.

(2) Systemic antibiotics are used to prevent and control infection.

(3) 24 to 48 hours after external fixation, check whether there is edema under the fixation. If there is swelling, it means that the bandage is too tight and should be re-bandaged.

(4) Strengthen feeding management and nutrition, and supplement vitamin A, vitamin D and calcium preparations.

(5) The bandage is usually removed after 45 to 60 days for external fixation, and 180 days for internal fixation. After X-ray examination, the bone marrow needle or bone plate can be removed surgically.