Each complete movement a dog develops in training is called an ability. Every complete ability of a dog is developed through a progressively more complex training process, that is, a combination of multiple single conditioning reflexes.

For example, in the complete ability of dog biting, it includes a series of conditioned reflex activities such as going, biting, coming, sitting, and vomiting. The development of this ability is the result of the trainer's regular influence on the dog according to the training principle, that is, repeatedly using several fixed and related stimuli to act on the dog's cerebral cortex in turn, so that the dog can A series of connections are formed for this sequence of several fixed stimuli. Therefore, as long as the first signal in this connection appears, the dog will show a whole set of conditioned reflex activities, which is the development of ability. In training, the dog must be required to develop a complete set of competencies in relevant subjects to meet the needs of actual use. However, in the process of training, due to the result of the trainer's consciously or unconsciously using the stimulus incorrectly, it is very likely that the dog will develop a connection that does not meet the training requirements, which we call bad connection. For example, when training basic subjects, the dog is always instructed to sit, lying, bark, come, etc. in a fixed order. As a result, as long as the dog hears the command to sit, it will automatically and continuously make habitual actions. the whole set of actions. If the trainer suddenly changes the order of the password, the dog will still habitually make actions that do not match the password. Another example is that when identifying, the trainer puts the desired object in a fixed position every time, so that the cultivation will not use the sense of smell to identify the smell of the object, but use the vision to identify the object according to the position. Bad links to pick up items. Therefore, in our training, we should not only cultivate the complete ability with practical use significance, but also avoid the bad connection of the dog.

Second, the principle of ability training

The principle of ability training is: step by step, from simple to complex; according to the dog's conditions, treat it separately.

(1) Step by step, from simple to complex. Step-by-step is to cultivate the dog's ability from low to high in stages and steps. Gradual progress does not mean slowing down and slowing down. The transition from simple to complex is a step-by-step concrete manifestation. In the process of training each training subject and ability, simple is the foundation of complex. To achieve complexity, we must start with simple training. If dog training violates this principle, it is bound to fail to advance, and haste to fail.

(2) Treat dogs separately. According to the dog's conditions, treating them separately is a method to specifically solve the dog's ability training according to the objective law of the contradiction between the individual differences of the dog. Because the nerve types and main reaction characteristics of dogs are different, therefore, for each dog. The requirements and means of influence for capacity building cannot be exactly the same. It must be treated separately according to the specific characteristics of the dog, using targeted methods, which is an important guarantee for the success of the training. A careful understanding and mastery of the different types of dogs and the characteristics of their main reactions is the basis for implementing separate treatment. If it is divorced from the reality of dogs, even the best training methods will be ineffective.

Three, three stages of ability training

The development of each complete ability of the dog is carried out according to certain procedures. In order to implement the training principles in the training, we divide the dog's ability training program into three stages:

The first stage: train the dog to form basic conditioned reflexes for passwords and gestures. Ask the dog to act according to commands and gestures. At this stage, the following four points should be paid attention to:

⒈A quiet environment must be chosen to prevent the interference of external temptations and stimuli to the training.

⒉ The dog should be rewarded in time for the correct actions, but the wrong actions of the dog should be corrected in time and patiently.

⒊In general, the training should be induced first, and then the dog should be forced to act with a lighter mechanical stimulus.

⒋In order to enable the dog to establish conditioned reflexes for both passwords and gestures at the same time, passwords and gestures should be combined as much as possible in training.

The second stage:

Complicate the conditions until the ability is developed. This stage requires the dog to organically combine the independently formed conditioned reflexes to form a complete ability. At this stage, the following two points should be noted:

⒈The training environment should not be too complicated, but the training location and environment should be changed frequently.

⒉ The dog's incorrect action and the behavior of delaying the execution of the password must be corrected in a timely manner, and the means of coercion should be used appropriately. But when the correct action of the dog appears, it is necessary to give sufficient reward in time.

Stage 3:

Exercise in complex environmental conditions. It is required that the dog can still make complete movements smoothly under the condition of lure stimulation to meet the needs of actual use. In this stage, the following two points should be paid attention to: 1. Usually bring the dog to a complex environment to disperse, so that the dog can adapt to various environments and new stimuli. At the same time, when cultivating the ability to adapt to the complex environment, it is necessary to adapt to the dog's conditions, so that the training conditions are easy and difficult to combine. According to the needs of use and the characteristics of various subjects, the dogs are trained realistically. For example, when performing identification training, it is not appropriate to complicate the environment. Because in the identification, the neural activity of dogs needs to be highly concentrated. If the environment is complex, it will affect the accuracy of dog differentiation. Therefore, there is a limit to the exercise in complex environments, and it must not go beyond the dog's function to carry out futile training.