Cats have an average lifespan of 12 years, with the longest documented cat living up to 30 years;

Cats have an average of 7-8 months, reaching the age of sexual maturity, sexual cycle 15-28 days;

The suitable breeding age for cats is 10-18 months, the gestation period is 60-68 days, and the lactation period is about 60 days;

The normal body temperature of cats 39°C, general range 38-39.5°C (rectal temperature);

Heart rate, 130-140 beats/min for young cats, 100-120 beats/min for adult cats;

Respiratory rate 20-30 beats/min;

Total blood volume accounts for 6.2% of body weight, red blood cells 8 million/cubic millimeter (normal range is 6.5-9.5 million/cubic millimeter), white blood cells 16,000/cubic mm

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Cat's Coat System Features

The most striking feature of a cat is its beautiful coat. Coat and skin not only make up the cat's beautiful appearance, but also have very important physiological functions.

The skin and coat are a solid barrier for cats, which can prevent the loss of water in the body, resist certain mechanical damage, and protect the body from harmful physical and chemical effects. The skin and coat have good thermal insulation properties in the cold winter, so that the cat has a strong ability to keep out the cold. In summer, the coat is another big radiator, which lowers the body temperature.

There are many receptors in the cat's skin that can sense changes in the internal and external environment. Receptors can sense one or several stimuli, such as cold, heat, touch, pressure, pain, etc.

Cat hair grows from the skin's hair follicles, which are elongated bags. There are two types of cat hair follicles, one is an isolated hair follicle with only one hair, and the other is a compound hair follicle with multiple hairs. Cat hair follicles are dominated by compound hair follicles. Therefore, the cat's coat is very dense, about 200 per square millimeter. Coat can be divided into needle hair and down hair. Cats also have sebaceous and sweat glands in their skin. The oily secretions of the sebaceous glands make the coat shiny and smooth. Cat sweat glands are underdeveloped, so they cannot participate in thermoregulation like human sweat glands. Cats dissipate heat through skin radiation or breathing.

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Cat's Respiratory System Characteristics

The cat's respiratory system includes the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The nasal cavity is divided into two parts by the diaphragm, the inner surface is covered with mucosa, and the rear of the nose is covered by the olfactory mucosa where the olfactory nerves are distributed, which is the olfactory part of the cat.

The larynx is composed of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis cartilage, and its skeleton is also an organ of speech. The larynx is divided into three parts. The upper part is the vestibule of the larynx, and its trailing edge is the false vocal cord, which can make a gurgling sound when it vibrates. The cavity between the false and true vocal cords is the second part of the larynx. The third part, the cavity between the vocal cords and the cartilage ring, is narrow.

The trachea and bronchi are the passages of the respiratory tract. The walls of the trachea are supported by rings of cartilage and the inner surface is lined with a mucous membrane of ciliated epithelium. A cat's lungs are divided into two lobes, with the right lung being larger than the left. The weight of the lungs is about 19 grams, and after the alveoli are expanded, the total area can reach 7.2 square meters. Healthy cats practice thoracic breathing, that is, the chest and abdomen rise and fall at the same time when breathing, and the number of breaths per minute is 15 to 32 times. Physiological increases in the number of breaths may occur following an increase in ambient temperature or activity.

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