Snake venom poisoning often occurs after being bitten by a venomous snake. This situation is mainly seen when police dogs and hunting dogs are performing tasks in the jungle, or when the mountain domestic dog is out foraging. The face and limbs are most commonly bitten by venomous snakes. The closer the bite is to the center or an area rich in blood vessels, the more severe the symptoms. Symptoms also vary depending on the type of snake venom.

1. Circulating toxins in the blood. For example, Viper, Bamboo Leaf Green, Five-step Snake, Belly Snake, etc. It causes rapid swelling, bleeding, hardening, severe pain, purple-black skin, skin necrosis, and swollen lymph nodes at the bite site. After 6-8 hours, it can spread to the head, limbs, neck and lower back. The sick dog shivered, had rapid heartbeat, increased body temperature, difficulty breathing, and could not stand. Nosebleeds, convulsions, blood in the urine. If the bite is not effectively treated within 4 hours, it will eventually die of heart failure or shock.

2. Neurotoxins. Including the toxins secreted by snakes such as golden ring snakes and silver ring snakes. After the bite, the local symptoms are not obvious, the bleeding is less, and the swelling and fever are mild. However, severe systemic symptoms appeared within a few hours after the injury. The sick dog groaned in pain, was excited, trembled, foamed, and had difficulty breathing. Finally, he could not stand on the ground, convulsed all over the body, and died of respiratory muscle paralysis.

3. Mixed toxins. Cobra and king cobra venom are mixed toxins. The local wound is hot, red, swollen, and painful, and necrosis may occur. After the toxin is absorbed, the systemic symptoms are severe and complex, including neurological symptoms and damage caused by the toxin in the blood circulation. Finally, the dog died of asphyxia or cardiac failure.

Treating a snakebite should be done as quickly as possible

First, the venom should be prevented from spreading. petWang recommends that you use a rope, cloth tape, etc. to tie the top of the wound. Be careful not to loosen the tourniquet, but it can only be used for 2 hours, otherwise it will cause ischemic necrosis at the distal end of the tied part . You can also loosen for 1-2 minutes every 15-20 minutes.

Second, the venom should be removed. It can be rinsed thoroughly with water or ammonia water, or it can be rinsed with 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution. Then, use a three-edged needle to puncture the wound and the surrounding red and swollen parts, or make a straight incision through the snake tooth marks to detoxify. If there are snake venomous teeth, it should be taken out immediately.

Third, the venom should be neutralized. Intravenous monovalent or polyvalent antivenom. 0.o1% epinephrine can be used for anti-allergy.

Fourth, local symptomatic treatment. Cold compresses and topical pain relievers can be used; corticosteroids and blood volume expanders can be given to treat toxic shock. Use antibiotics to prevent infection; inject tetanus antitoxin to prevent tetanus.