The concave tortoise, commonly known as the unicorn tortoise, is a kind of primitive tortoise species that is common in tropical and subtropical regions. Belonging to the tortoise family Malayan tortoise, the adult concave tortoise can grow to more than 30 centimeters. Due to its rarity, it has been listed as a national second-class protected animal. From the existing data, it can be found that May and June are the breeding season of the concave tortoise. With the local rainy season, they can lay 10 eggs in a nest, which can be regarded as a high-yielding tortoise. But in 1984, on Hainan Island, the tortoise was discovered by zoologists for the first time. After research, the tortoise became a new record in China. Over the years, due to the relatively small amount of relevant information, little is known about its spawning behavior, spawning season, and egg size.

       The Concave Tortoise Large terrestrial turtles, adults can reach more than 30 cm in length and 27 cm in width. The large scales on the forehead are relatively symmetrical, with 2 pairs of forehead scales. Named the concave tortoise. Hip shield 2 body back is yellow-brown, plastron is yellow-brown, decorated with dark black plaques or radial lines. Its carapace is directly connected to the plastron without ligamentous tissue in between, and its limbs are thick and cylindrical, with claws and no webs. The male carapace is long and narrow, and the cloacal anal opening is far from the rear edge of the plastron; the female carapace is wide and short, the tail does not exceed the carapace edge or exceeds very little, and the clonal anal opening is very close to the plastron.

       likes to live in a dry environment, where there are laurel plants, Ferns, rhododendrons and numerous epiphytes. Concave tortoises are only found on fairly high hills, slopes, and far from water. During the rainy season, many turtles crawl out to drink water. Under artificial feeding conditions, the tortoise's habitat is fixed. During the day, it often crawls out to the dark place to stay still. After staying for a long time, tears are discharged from the eyes. When the ambient temperature is about 25 ℃, the turtles are active, often crawling out of the turtle nest and crawling around. When the ambient temperature is 32 ℃, the turtle often climbs to the water basin to drink water, and sometimes rests in the water basin for 5-10 minutes. When the ambient temperature is below 18°C, the turtle moves less and puts it into the sand. The turtle only exposes its head, and the whole body is buried in the sand and enters hibernation.

        Fruits and other plants. Under artificial feeding conditions, eat cucumbers, watermelons, bananas, apples, charcoal, but do not eat potatoes, carrots, lettuce and cabbage leaves. The two turtles raised in Nanjing Turtle and Turtle Museum in 1992 not only eat plants, but also lean pork and beef, but refuse to eat earthworms, fish, mealworms and shrimps. In addition, the concave tortoise has a timid temperament. When frightened, the head retracts into the shell, immediately sticks out of the shell, repeats several times, and keeps making a chi, chi exhalation sound from its mouth, and when it calms down, its head shakes up and down. , and slowly extended out of the shell. If it is picked up, it stretches out its limbs and opens its mouth to bite. After normal feeding in the new environment, the habitat is relatively fixed. During the day, it is seen crawling around in the pool, and at night it returns to the turtle nest.

       ready         Cement ponds are best for artificial breeding of concave tortoises. There are several small man-made holes in the corners. The size of the holes is suitable for the turtles to enter and exit freely. There are 3 to 4 shallow water basins in the pool for the turtles to drink water. The position of the shallow water basins should be fixed. The newly introduced tortoises have the phenomenon of refusal to eat, so the newly introduced tortoises should first be provided with a suitable ambient temperature (above 23 ℃), and insist on feeding different species of food every day. When feeding, do not disturb the turtle by entering the pond, and deliver it slowly with bamboo poles. After the turtles eat normally, they should be fed 3 to 4 times a week. The amount of food should be determined according to the size of the turtle body. For turtles weighing 1 kg to 1.5 kg, the feeding amount should be 50 grams to 100 grams. There are differences due to different seasons. It is better to feed around 10 o'clock in spring and autumn. It is better to feed in the morning and evening in summer. When the ambient temperature is between 16 °C and 19 °C, it is not suitable to feed. Otherwise, it is easy to cause gastrointestinal indigestion. It can be fed in small amounts, and it can be fed normally at 25°C. In order to ensure that the nutrients in the turtle's body are balanced, it is necessary to regularly feed a certain amount of nutritional drugs, such as vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium, etc.

       Daily        Keep observation records every day during feeding. The normal feces of turtles fed plants are dark green, long strips and Mixed with sediment, if the stool is watery, with a khaki, red sticky substance, it is a symptom of gastrointestinal disease. If the concave tortoise drinks a lot of water in the water basin for a long time, it is a symptom of enteritis and pneumonia. It should be isolated and raised in time and corresponding preventive measures should be taken. The sand and soil in the breeding tank should be moist. The food that is fed to the tortoise is placed directly in the cage. The food to be fed is raw and does not need to be cooked. Fruits and vegetables should be washed before feeding, especially for leaves, fruits, etc., it is best to soak them for 30 minutes before feeding. Healthy tortoises are fed once a day. There is no limit to the feeding time in spring, summer and autumn. The best time for early spring and late autumn is during the day, and the temperature at night is lower. When the ambient temperature is 24-28t, the foraging amount and activity of the tortoise are the most prosperous. When the temperature is 20 °C, the foraging is unstable, sometimes eating, sometimes eating less or not eating. When the temperature is unstable, generally do not feed, so as not to cause the turtle's gastrointestinal digestive disorders due to the fluctuating temperature.