Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of natural foci, and dogs are one of the animals affected by leptospirosis. In many areas in southern my country, the incidence of this disease is very high, but most dogs have subclinical infection or chronic infection without obvious symptoms. When dogs are infected with the highly virulent pathogenic Leptospira, they are prone to acute and subacute clinical onset. Cats are rare.

【Pathogen and Epidemiology】

1. Pathogen: The pathogen is Leptospira. Among the 25 serogroups isolated so far, the jaundice hemorrhagic group and the canine group Leptospirosis are the most virulent. Mainly through direct contact, can be transmitted through skin wounds, intact mucous membranes and digestive tract.

2. Sources of infection

Mainly infected dogs and dogs with poison. During bacteremia, certain blood-sucking insects can act as vectors. The host involves almost all warm-blooded animals in nature, among which rodents, carnivores and marsupials of mammals and livestock are the main storage hosts in my country.

Because of the wide distribution of rodents, rapid reproduction, subclinical infection of Leptospira, and long-term excretion of bacteria from the urine, they have become the main body of natural foci.

3. Susceptible animals

All kinds of dogs are susceptible to this disease, but the positive rate of antibodies in male dogs is higher, and puppies and weak physiques Dogs are prone to the disease and have severe symptoms. Suffered dogs can excrete bacteria continuously or intermittently through urine, and recovered dogs can excrete bacteria intermittently for several months to several years, thus causing serious pollution to the surrounding environment.

4. Popular characteristics

Widely present on both sides of rivers, lakes, swamps, paddy fields, ponds, etc. in tropical and subtropical regions with warm climate and high rainfall The suitable pH is 7.0~7.6.

[Symptoms]

The incubation period is 5 to 15 days, mainly manifesting as acute hemorrhagic jaundice and subacute or chronic nephritis.

1. Acute hemorrhagic jaundice: systemic abnormalities such as elevated body temperature, depression, vomiting and loss of appetite at the beginning of the disease, visible mucosal congestion or bleeding spots, extensive muscle tenderness and limb weakness. Subsequently, most of the dogs developed systemic jaundice, turbid urine that was soybean oil-colored or red, some dogs vomited blood, nosebleeds, and bloody stools, severe liver failure, a large amount of ascites and symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Suffering dog abdominal distention, puncture hemorrhagic ascites.

2. Subacute nephritis: Severe cases also show a series of systemic abnormalities such as elevated body temperature, but with the development of the disease, the main manifestations are renal dysfunction, oliguria or anuria, and a small number of dogs have large kidneys. The area is damaged and symptoms of uremia appear, vomiting, dehydration, oral odor, and later coma and death.

[Diagnosis]

According to the dog's elevated body temperature, jaundice of the skin and mucous membranes and bleeding spots on the mucous membranes, viscous urine that is soybean oil-colored or red, blood red blood cells Decreased leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in dogs with different degrees of renal failure, and different degrees of liver and kidney damage at autopsy can be used to make a preliminary diagnosis. However, for chronic cases with no obvious clinical symptoms, laboratory tests are required to confirm the diagnosis. The urine of the dog (blood can be taken in the early stage, and urine can be taken in the middle and later stages) can be centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the sediment in the low Dark field observation under a magnification microscope can confirm the diagnosis if Leptospira like a question mark is seen.

【Treatment】

Usually high doses of penicillin are used first, followed by tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, or fluoroquinolones after a few days. The effect of clearing leptospira in the kidney is better. Due to acute and subacute dogs with severe liver damage and hemorrhagic lesions, nutritional support therapy and necessary cardiotonic, diuretic, hemostasis, and hepatoprotective therapy should be combined, and the treatment of canine infectious hepatitis can be referred to.

【Prevention】

The disease is mainly based on prevention, including three aspects: elimination of various animals with bacteria and bacteria; disinfection and cleaning of contaminated Drinking water, venues, utensils to prevent the spread of disease; vaccination.

The imported vaccine includes the bivalent Inactivated Leptospira canis vaccine from Interwell International Co., Ltd., which has strong preventive protection and can prevent dogs from expelling pathogens from urine to pollute the environment. When using it, it is recommended that puppies be immunized at least 8 weeks before the first immunization, and the second immunization should be performed at an interval of 2 to 4 weeks, and then the immunization will be boosted once a year.