Canine dystocia is an obstetric disease characterized by the failure of the fetus to be delivered smoothly when the dog is in full-term pregnancy. Natural labor and some difficult labors at the beginning can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. External disturbances and erroneous interventions can turn natural labor into dystocia; while dystocia that may have occurred can be prevented due to timely diagnosis and midwifery. In the process of dystocia, if the treatment is not timely or improper, it will not only cause the death of the bitch and the fetus, but also often cause reproductive organ diseases even if the bitch survives, resulting in infertility in the future. Therefore, active prevention and proper treatment of dystocia is very important.

(1) The normal expected date of delivery for a bitch is 58~ 63 days, generally 60 days to 62 days, the female dog's gestation days are more than 72 days.

(2) The bitch showed signs of pre-production such as holding things and laying a nest, and frequently struggled, accompanied by a small amount of urine. After 6 to 10 hours, the fetus was not seen. out.

(3) The fetal water has flowed out for 2 to 3 hours, but there is no effort.

(4) The vulvar secretion is green, but no fetus is produced.

(5) After delivery of one or several heads, there is no continuous uterine contractions for more than 4 hours, but there is still a fetus on abdominal palpation or in the birth canal.

(6) Abnormal birth canal, such as pelvic fracture, fetal stuck in the birth canal, etc.

To prevent dystocia in dogs, it is necessary to consider many aspects such as dog feeding management, disease and breeding.

(1) Proper exercise can promote the blood circulation of the mother and the fetus, enhance metabolism, ensure the health of the mother and the fetus, and facilitate childbirth. Therefore, the movement should have a certain law, perseverance. Generally, exercise 2 hours a day in the first trimester, and exercise for about 3 hours a day in the second trimester, and exercise indoors 2 to 3 days before labor. However, it should be noted that in the first 3 weeks of pregnancy, it is most likely to cause miscarriage. Therefore, there should be no vigorous exercise. In the middle and late pregnancy (about 6 weeks), the abdomen of the bitch begins to increase and the movement is slow. At this time, violent movements should be avoided. Jumping and passing through narrow aisles should be reduced.

(2) Reasonably control the nutrition of the bitch. After a bitch is pregnant, it is necessary to pay attention to the supply of protein, energy, vitamins, calcium and phosphorus, etc. according to the characteristics of nutritional needs in different periods, and appropriately increase the number of feedings in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. The amount of feeding should be determined according to the specific situation of the bitch. Too fat, but also not too thin, so as to avoid labor weakness or excessive nutrition of the bitch during childbirth, which may cause the fetus to be too large and cause dystocia. When the weather is hot, special attention should be paid to calcium supplementation, so as to avoid weak contraction due to calcium deficiency.

(3) Bitches with a history of dystocia, or other obstetric-related diseases such as pelvic fractures, uterine tumors, etc., should be seldom matched or unmatched.

(4) It is forbidden to match a large male dog with a small female dog, and follow the matching of male and female dogs with similar body size or small gap.

(5) It should be bred when the female dog is mature, not when the dog is just sexually mature, to prevent dystocia caused by premature mating. This is because in immature dogs, the development of the pelvis, uterus and birth canal does not meet the reproductive requirements.

Generally, the first mating of female dogs should not be earlier than the second estrus, and it is best to breed in the third estrus. Because the female dog's body has matured, it can prevent dystocia caused by premature breeding.

(6) Reduce the stress stimulation of the external environment to the bitch. Before giving birth, the bitch should enter the delivery room in advance to familiarize her with the delivery environment, try to avoid strangers from entering and leaving the delivery room, and ensure the quietness of the production area.

(7) Various drugs and supplements should be used with caution during pregnancy to prevent fetal death and deformity from causing dystocia.

The principles of dystocia treatment: First, to protect both the mother and the child, so that the fetus is delivered and survived, and the mother and child are safe. The other is to abandon the child to nanny, try to ensure the safety of the bitch.

(1) For bitches who are contracted and unable to exert themselves, you can lead the bitch to exercise to promote the recovery of the birth canal, and then insert the index finger into the bitch's vagina and push or similar to the side wall of the bitch. The walking-like activity stimulates the lateral wall of the vagina and induces uterine contractions. Oxytocin and other oxytocin drugs can also be used to promote uterine muscle contractions, and at the same time, it can cooperate with pressing the abdominal wall to promote the expulsion of the fetus. For hands or instruments that can touch the fetus, wash and sterilize the hands, insert the index finger and ring finger into the birth canal of the bitch, or use instruments such as hemostatic forceps to gently pull the fetus out with the help of the bitch.

The use of oxytocin to induce labor must be administered when the cervix is open, the fetus is positioned, the fetal orientation is normal, the fetus is not deformed, and the fetus is not overweight. The use of oxytocin must be strictly controlled in accordance with the prescribed dose. Under normal circumstances, the maximum dose of oxytocin should not exceed 10IU/time. If the bitch does not respond 30 minutes after the application of oxytocin, it can be used again. Excessive doses often cause uterine tonic contractions, resulting in fetal asphyxia in the uterus In severe cases, the uterus ruptures, and both mother and child die.

Under conditions, for bitches who have dystocia due to inability to exert themselves, while applying oxytocin, intravenous injection of 10% calcium gluconate 10~20ml can also be used to enhance uterine contractions , or take the method of intravenous injection of glucose to supplement the energy of the bitch, enhance the bitch's physical strength, and restore the contraction and effort capacity of the bitch's abdominal wall.

(2) For dystocia caused by a small vulva, when it is difficult for the fetus to pass through, an incision of the vulva can be performed. After the fetus is delivered, surgical treatment of the expanded wound site is performed.

(3) Correction and traction should be performed first for bitches with mild fetal abnormalities, but damage to the fetus and mother should be avoided. Midwives should wash and sterilize their hands before operation, and use their index and ring fingers to reach into the birth canal of the bitch to determine the fetal position. If the fetus has entered the birth canal and cannot adjust the fetal position, the fetus should be pushed back in the gap between the bitches and the fetus, and then the fetal position should be adjusted. After the fetal position is adjusted correctly, take the responsibility of the bitch to gently pull the fetus out. If the fetus is dead or the fetus is too large, the fetus can be cut out by amputation.

(4) For dystocia caused by two fetuses entering the birth canal at the same time, the midwife can use certain instruments to lead out the fetus stuck at the entrance of the pelvis of the bitch to relieve the dystocia.

(5) For dogs with rigid uterus or premature rupture of water, they should be calm and lubricate the birth canal with liquid paraffin before midwifery.

(6) When the above methods are ineffective, caesarean section should be carried out in time. During laparotomy, special attention should be paid to sanitation and disinfection, and postoperative care should be strengthened to prevent infection.