Goldfish

Goldfish, also known as golden crucian carp, is one of the most popular types at present Ornamental fish, it has a variety of colors and varieties, and is loved by many breeders. Goldfish originated in China, and after a long period of cultivation, the species has been continuously optimized. Now the goldfish all over the world are directly or indirectly introduced from my country. In addition, goldfish are also easy to raise, and can play a role in both pleasure and beautification of the environment, which is unique to China.

1. History

Goldfish originated in China and evolved from "golden crucian carp". Golden crucian carp is a red-yellow wild mutant crucian carp, also known as "grass goldfish". At present, various splendid and colorful goldfish species are formed by the golden crucian carp through a long period of artificial breeding, hybridization and breeding.

As early as 265-420 years from the Three Kingdoms to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people had discovered the red-yellow mutant crucian carp in natural waters, which was called "red scale fish" at that time. Since then, until today, wild "red scale fish" can still be found in Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. Research has proved that it is the same species as wild crucian carp, the difference is that the color is more bright. In the Tang Dynasty when Buddhism was prevalent, for the purpose of accumulating virtue and doing good deeds, "release pools" were built in various places. The rare and mysterious golden crucian carp was released as the object of transcendence, and Buddhists and monks occasionally fed it. According to research, there are a large number of release ponds in Zhejiang, and the earliest release ponds for golden crucian carp were located in Hangzhou and Jiaxing, Zhejiang. In the early years of the Song Dynasty (968-975 AD), there were records of artificial breeding of golden crucian carp, and in the Southern Song Dynasty (about 1163 AD), there were records of artificial breeding, so the Song Dynasty was considered to be a real goldfish. The beginning of breeding. Aristocratic bureaucrats began to raise them in garden ponds as ornamental objects, but the goldfish at this time were still grass goldfish, and there was not much difference between the species except for the color difference. Ordinary people could not afford to build ponds, so the breeding and enjoyment of goldfish in Song Dynasty was only popular among nobles and bureaucrats.

The Ming Dynasty was a landmark historical period in the history of goldfish breeding, because during this period, the breeding methods of goldfish had undergone great changes, and pot culture and tank culture appeared, and became indoor decorations. For people to enjoy. This change has greatly reduced the cost of raising goldfish, making goldfish enter the homes of ordinary people, and many goldfish breeding enthusiasts have appeared in the folk, laying the foundation for the popularization of goldfish. Because feeding in small water bodies makes goldfish swim slowly and accelerates changes in body size and tail, while shallower water makes it easier to observe the variation of goldfish and retain it, so an important goldfish species begins to appear, the four-leaf-tailed monastery , The dragon-eye goldfish with bulging eyeballs appeared in the late Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the folks set off an upsurge in raising goldfish, and the raising container was further developed, and transparent utensils such as glass jars appeared, which were crystal clear and full of interest. Due to the large demand for goldfish, there have also been specialized fish sales units, such as "Zhi Le Fish Farm" and "Zhi Le Fish Farm", which are well-known in Beijing. New varieties continue to emerge, such as tiger head, sky-watching eye, high head, pom-pom, etc., and transparent scales also appear. In the following period of the Republic of China, due to years of wars, although new species appeared, the overall goldfish farming entered a low ebb.

After the founding of New China, goldfish farming once again ushered in a golden age. According to research, there were more than 70 species of goldfish in Shanghai in the early 1930s, and by 1958, there were 154 species of goldfish. Large ones weigh more than 0.5kg, and in 1982, the number of goldfish species had reached 240. In addition, in terms of scientific research, Professor Chen Zhen, a well-known biologist in my country, has done a lot of research on the domestication of goldfish and the factors that form varieties, which proves that goldfish and crucian carp belong to the same genus, and have a good understanding of the various variations, color, color and variety of goldfish. The generation of shape has been scientifically explained.

About 500 years ago, China's goldfish was introduced to Japan. After World War II, Japan introduced several species through Taiwan. Through long-term selection and cross-breeding of goldfish in Japan, more than 30 varieties of goldfish have been cultivated so far, such as Ryukin, Tosakin, Lanshou and so on.