There are two different theories about the origin of the Appenzell Mountain Dog: one is that it is a pedigree that was born and bred in the area; the other is that it was brought to Switzerland by the Roman army from Asia. Dog breeds, such as Tibetan Mastiff breeds produced by mating with local native dogs. While both claims are solidly supported by breeders, the latter claim is more likely because it was in prehistoric times, and the earliest relevant paintings appeared in Roman times.

The Appenzell Mountain Dog is hardworking and Strong in build, its tail is raised over the rump and bent back. Although noisy and rough in temperament, it is easy to tame; energetic and fast, it is an ideal working dog.