St. Bernard BreedIntroduction

The fact that it led Bonaparte’s army through the mountain pass in 1800 made this dog (then known as the Barry) was famous in Europe throughout the 19th century. The legendary dog "Barry" became the poster child for a rescue dog. St. Bernard direct ancestors are more common in this area large farm dog. After several generations of breeding according to established standards, the dog was bred into the breed it is today. Henry Schmichel, from Holligan, near Bern, was the first to publish pedigree papers for his dogs in 1867. In February 1884, the registration of Swiss breed dogs began. The first registered St. Bernard was "Leon," and the next 28 were also related to St. Bernards. On March 15, 1884, the Swiss St. Bernard Club was established in Basel. At the International Dog Congress on June 2, 1887, the St. Bernard was officially recognized as a breed in Switzerland, and the Congress also issued breed standards as constraints. Since then, the St. Bernard has been considered the national dog of Switzerland.

Species distribution of St. Bernard

The St. Bernard dog is named after the St. Bernard Abbey in the Alps. In AD 980, the St. Bernard was known for guarding travelers who crossed the treacherous Alpine trails. Unfortunately, the early records cannot be verified. In the 18th century, the priests of the monastery kept the dog as a guide in the dangerous mountains, looking for lost people and revive them. The St. Bernard is a short-haired breed. In order to prevent inbreeding, the Scottish breed was added, resulting in a furry breed. A St. Bernard dog named "Black Monk", who once rescued the lives of 40 people and made the greatest achievement, died in 1814.

Before 1830, all St. Bernards were short-haired. At first it was thought that the long-haired St. Bernards would be better able to withstand the harsh cold of the asylum, but unfortunately, ice can freeze on the long-haired dogs, making them unsuitable for rescue use. After discovering this fact, the monks gave long-haired St. Bernards as gifts to friends, leaving only the short-haired St. Bernards.

Britain imported some almshouse dogs as early as 1810 to match their The Mastiff Mastiff is a hybrid. At that time, the British called this kind of dog "secred dogs". Around 1828, this kind of dog was called "alpen dog" in Germany. Writer Daniel Wilson first named the dog the St. Bernard in 1833, but it wasn't until 1965 that the name clearly appeared, and the name was officially established as the dog's name in 1980.

Origins of the development of St. Bernard

In the 11th century, monks built a board and lodging house on the Great St. Bernard Pass at an altitude of 2449 meters. , for travelers and pilgrims. There, large mountain dogs have been used since the 17th century Safeguarding and protection work. Since 1695, the dog has been recorded in the form of illustrations, and in 1707, there was a written record about it in the accommodation. The dog was used as a companion dog and was used to rescue travelers lost in snow and fog. The dog's many lives-saving stories are documented in The White Death, published in multiple languages. The claim that it led Bonaparte's army through the pass in 1800 made the dog (then known as the Barry) famous in Europe throughout the 19th century. The legendary dog "Barry" became the poster child for a rescue dog. The direct ancestor of the St. Bernard is the large farm dog that is more common in this region. After several generations of breeding according to established standards, the dog was bred into the breed it is today. Henry Schmichel, from Holligan, near Bern, was the first to publish pedigree papers for his dogs in 1867. In February 1884, the registration of Swiss breed dogs began. The first registered St. Bernard was "Leon," and the next 28 were also related to St. Bernards. On March 15, 1884, the Swiss St. Bernard Club was established in Basel. At the International Dog Congress on June 2, 1887, the St. Bernard was officially recognized as a breed in Switzerland, and the Congress also issued breed standards as constraints. Since then, the St. Bernard has been considered the national dog of Switzerland.

Physiological Indicators of St. Bernards

St. Bernards Height: Male St. Bernards 27.6-35.5 inches (70.0-90.0 cm) at shoulder height for females St. Bernards 25.6-31.5 inches (65.0-80.0 cm) at shoulders

St.   Bernards weight range: Male St. Bernards 110.2-200.7 lbs (50.0-91.0 kg) female St. Bernards 110.2 -200.7 lbs (50.0-91.0 kg)

St.   Bernard's head (head, face, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, muzzle, jaw, teeth)

Trunk of St. Bernard (neck, chest, ribs, loin and back, front of torso, skin)

Body: Strong and well-proportioned, well muscled. Shoulders: Well-structured. Back: Broad, strong and firm. Topline straight, flat above the waist. Hip: Long, hardly sloping, well articulated with the base of the tail. Chest: The chest is moderately deep, the ribs are naturally expanded, but not barrel shaped. Does not protrude below the elbow line. Abdomen: Slightly protruding toward the back

St. Bernard's limbs (forehead, shoulders, upper extremities, pelvic joints, pelvis, soles, hindquarters, thighs, hocks, knuckles, and hock nails)

Forequarters: When looking forward, the legs are straight and parallel. Stand properly apart. Shoulders: The shoulder blades are flat, well muscled, and articulate naturally with the chest. Upper Arm: Longer than shoulder blade. The angle between the upper arm and shoulder blade is not too blunt. Elbows: Close to the torso. Forearm: Straight, strong bone, lean musculature. F-bones: vertical in front view, in coordination with forearm; slightly flat in side view. Forefoot: Broad, toes strong, close and well arched. Hindquarters: Fleshly developed, well angled. Viewed from behind, the hind legs are parallel, but not very close. Thighs: Strong, muscular and broad. Lower thighs are sloping and longer. Knee joint: The angle is natural, not outward or inversion. Hocks: Slightly angled, firm. Metatarsus: Straight and parallel when viewed from behind. Hind feet: Broad, toes strong, close and well arched. Upper claws may be present if movement is not hindered.

St. Bernard's Tail

Tail: Broad and strong, long and heavy. The end touches at least the hocks. At rest, the tail is turned down vertically or slightly up at the third joint. When happy, lift higher.

Overall, St. Bernard Dogs are beloved and appreciated petsOne of the breeds of the dog. It is large in size and has a very docile personality. The Saint Bernard is also very kind and friendly and very easy to get close to. It likes to live and play with people and children, and is very tolerant and patient towards children.

If it lives in the wildSt. BernardDogs, they all like to live in groups, and there is a clear hierarchy in the group. In a group of St. Bernards, there is always a leader who dominates and manages the entire group. The lead St. Bernard was not allowed to urinate where the other dog had urinated; the rest Dogs can shake their heads, wag their tails, play naughty in front of the head dog, or back away, sit or lie down, and can only stand when the head dog leaves.

The St. Bernard has a strong sense of territory and is a domestic pet The same goes for the St. Bernard. They mark their territory with their own unique scent, which is updated frequently. pet dogs are Will become very cautious and aggressive in order to defend their territory. Of course, many pets who trespassed would become afraid to look at the land owner when they saw the land owner, and they pretended to be fine and then exited the territory to avoid fighting.

In life, St. Bernard dogs also have the habit of smelling their own reproductive organs. St. Bernards judge each other's gender, age and physical state by sniffing each other's genitals that best reflect emotion. At the same time, dogs also have the habit of climbing. For young St. Bernards, climbing may just represent happiness and playfulness. When an adult St. Bernard is in heat, it crawls to better complete the mating. If it is not climbing when it is in heat, it means that the St. Bernard is fighting for its rights, showing its strong consciousness, and establishing its own leadership advantage.

Nature is friendly, calm and lively in temperament; alert.

Puppy is the period from birth to weaning. Newborn puppies are deaf and blind, can stand after 10 days, open their eyes at 10-12 days, hear at 13-15 days, and can walk at 21 days. During this period, the characteristics of pups are: poor activity, thermoregulation function and digestive function not yet developed, lack of innate immunity, poor disease resistance, but rapid growth, high nutritional needs.

Puppy generally refers to a dog that is 45 days old to 3 months old. During this stage, due to sudden changes in life and environment of puppies due to weaning, it is often easy to cause anxiety in spirit and action, loss of appetite; Very easy to get sick. However, this stage is also an important period for puppies to increase their trunk and gain weight. Therefore, special attention should be paid to feeding and management. Little St. Bernard should be given water first, then food . In the first few days, the puppy is generally allowed to eat 7-8% full. The best food to feed is puppy food sold in the market. This kind of food is rich in nutrition and proper proportion, which is conducive to the digestion and absorption of the puppy. In addition, it is best to consult an experienced human or animal doctor when raising a puppy for the first time, and take them to the animal hospital for a health check, and a plan for vaccination and deworming.

1. The ears should be long and hanging, the hair on the top of the head should be long enough to cover the ears and covered with On the shoulders; the eyes should be dark and piercing.

2. The limbs should be long and strong, the forelimbs should be straight, the hind limbs should be well muscled, the feet should be large and broad, and the toes should be covered with long feathers.

3. The body should be well-proportioned, the neck should be always high and strong, the chest should be deep, and the abdomen should be slightly retracted upwards.

4. The fur should be thicker and denser, soft and shiny like silk. There are also long feathers on the sides of the head.

5. The sides of the body and the fore and hind limbs also have long, dense fur; the ears and tail and top of the head have long, shiny fur. The fur on the back and shoulders is shorter.

6. The gait when walking should be relaxed and able to run swiftly.

7. This dog is available in white, golden yellow, brown and black, and should not have other colors of hair, otherwise it is not a purebred.

8. The requirements for shoulder height and weight are: height (ie shoulder height) within 61-74 cm; weight within 23 kg-35 kg.

9. The head should be elongated, long, straight, narrow, and often high. The forehead should be slightly convex, and the nose should be brown or black.